Неправильні дієслова англійської мови
Неправильні (нестандартні) дієслова утворюють минулий час і дієприкметник минулого часу не за правилом «+ed», а по-своєму: go — went — gone. Перша форма (Infinitive) — початкова, друга (Past Simple) — для минулого часу, третя (Past Participle) — для перфектних часів і пасиву.
Таблиця неправильних дієслів
Зірочкою ★ позначено найуживаніші дієслова — з них варто почати. Таблицю можна роздрукувати.
| Infinitive | Past Simple | Past Participle | Переклад |
|---|---|---|---|
| ★ be | was / were | been | бути |
| bear | bore | born / borne | народжувати; терпіти |
| beat | beat | beaten | бити, перемагати |
| ★ become | became | become | ставати |
| ★ begin | began | begun | починати |
| bend | bent | bent | гнути, нахилятися |
| bite | bit | bitten | кусати |
| bleed | bled | bled | кровоточити |
| blow | blew | blown | дути |
| ★ break | broke | broken | ламати, розбивати |
| ★ bring | brought | brought | приносити |
| ★ build | built | built | будувати |
| burn | burnt / burned | burnt / burned | горіти, палити |
| ★ buy | bought | bought | купувати |
| ★ catch | caught | caught | ловити |
| ★ choose | chose | chosen | обирати |
| ★ come | came | come | приходити |
| ★ cost | cost | cost | коштувати |
| ★ cut | cut | cut | різати |
| deal | dealt | dealt | мати справу |
| dig | dug | dug | копати |
| ★ do | did | done | робити |
| ★ draw | drew | drawn | малювати; тягнути |
| dream | dreamt / dreamed | dreamt / dreamed | мріяти; бачити сни |
| ★ drink | drank | drunk | пити |
| ★ drive | drove | driven | керувати (авто), їхати |
| ★ eat | ate | eaten | їсти |
| ★ fall | fell | fallen | падати |
| feed | fed | fed | годувати |
| ★ feel | felt | felt | відчувати |
| fight | fought | fought | битися, боротися |
| ★ find | found | found | знаходити |
| ★ fly | flew | flown | літати |
| forbid | forbade | forbidden | забороняти |
| ★ forget | forgot | forgotten | забувати |
| forgive | forgave | forgiven | пробачати |
| freeze | froze | frozen | замерзати, заморожувати |
| ★ get | got | got | отримувати; ставати |
| ★ give | gave | given | давати |
| ★ go | went | gone | іти, їхати |
| ★ grow | grew | grown | рости, вирощувати |
| hang | hung | hung | вішати, висіти |
| ★ have | had | had | мати |
| ★ hear | heard | heard | чути |
| hide | hid | hidden | ховати |
| hit | hit | hit | ударяти, влучати |
| ★ hold | held | held | тримати |
| hurt | hurt | hurt | завдавати болю, боліти |
| ★ keep | kept | kept | тримати, зберігати |
| ★ know | knew | known | знати |
| lay | laid | laid | класти |
| lead | led | led | вести, очолювати |
| learn | learnt / learned | learnt / learned | вивчати, дізнаватися |
| ★ leave | left | left | залишати, їхати |
| lend | lent | lent | позичати (комусь) |
| ★ let | let | let | дозволяти |
| lie | lay | lain | лежати |
| light | lit | lit | запалювати, освітлювати |
| ★ lose | lost | lost | губити, програвати |
| ★ make | made | made | робити, виготовляти |
| ★ mean | meant | meant | означати |
| ★ meet | met | met | зустрічати |
| ★ pay | paid | paid | платити |
| ★ put | put | put | класти, ставити |
| ★ read | read | read | читати |
| ride | rode | ridden | їздити (верхи, на велосипеді) |
| ring | rang | rung | дзвонити |
| rise | rose | risen | підніматися, сходити |
| ★ run | ran | run | бігти |
| ★ say | said | said | казати |
| ★ see | saw | seen | бачити |
| seek | sought | sought | шукати |
| ★ sell | sold | sold | продавати |
| ★ send | sent | sent | надсилати |
| ★ set | set | set | встановлювати, ставити |
| shake | shook | shaken | трясти, тремтіти |
| shine | shone | shone | світити, сяяти |
| shoot | shot | shot | стріляти; знімати (фільм) |
| ★ show | showed | shown | показувати |
| shut | shut | shut | зачиняти |
| ★ sing | sang | sung | співати |
| sink | sank | sunk | тонути |
| ★ sit | sat | sat | сидіти |
| ★ sleep | slept | slept | спати |
| smell | smelt / smelled | smelt / smelled | пахнути, нюхати |
| ★ speak | spoke | spoken | говорити |
| spell | spelt / spelled | spelt / spelled | вимовляти слово по літерах |
| ★ spend | spent | spent | витрачати; проводити (час) |
| spread | spread | spread | поширювати, розстеляти |
| ★ stand | stood | stood | стояти |
| steal | stole | stolen | красти |
| stick | stuck | stuck | приклеювати, застрягати |
| sweep | swept | swept | підмітати |
| ★ swim | swam | swum | плавати |
| swing | swung | swung | гойдати(ся) |
| ★ take | took | taken | брати |
| ★ teach | taught | taught | навчати |
| tear | tore | torn | рвати |
| ★ tell | told | told | розповідати |
| ★ think | thought | thought | думати |
| ★ throw | threw | thrown | кидати |
| ★ understand | understood | understood | розуміти |
| wake | woke | woken | прокидатися, будити |
| ★ wear | wore | worn | носити (одяг) |
| ★ win | won | won | перемагати, вигравати |
| ★ write | wrote | written | писати |
Як легше вивчити: групи дієслів
Усі три форми однакові (10)
cost — cost — cost; cut — cut — cut; hit — hit — hit; hurt — hurt — hurt; let — let — let; put — put — put; read — read — read; set — set — set; shut — shut — shut; spread — spread — spread.
Друга і третя форми однакові (51)
bend — bent — bent; bleed — bled — bled; bring — brought — brought; build — built — built; burn — burnt — burnt; buy — bought — bought; catch — caught — caught; deal — dealt — dealt; dig — dug — dug; dream — dreamt — dreamt; feed — fed — fed; feel — felt — felt; fight — fought — fought; find — found — found; get — got — got; hang — hung — hung; have — had — had; hear — heard — heard; hold — held — held; keep — kept — kept; lay — laid — laid; lead — led — led; learn — learnt — learnt; leave — left — left; lend — lent — lent; light — lit — lit; lose — lost — lost; make — made — made; mean — meant — meant; meet — met — met; pay — paid — paid; say — said — said; seek — sought — sought; sell — sold — sold; send — sent — sent; shine — shone — shone; shoot — shot — shot; sit — sat — sat; sleep — slept — slept; smell — smelt — smelt; spell — spelt — spelt; spend — spent — spent; stand — stood — stood; stick — stuck — stuck; sweep — swept — swept; swing — swung — swung; teach — taught — taught; tell — told — told; think — thought — thought; understand — understood — understood; win — won — won.
Перша і третя форми однакові (3)
become — became — become; come — came — come; run — ran — run.
Усі три форми різні (42)
be — was — been; bear — bore — born; beat — beat — beaten; begin — began — begun; bite — bit — bitten; blow — blew — blown; break — broke — broken; choose — chose — chosen; do — did — done; draw — drew — drawn; drink — drank — drunk; drive — drove — driven; eat — ate — eaten; fall — fell — fallen; fly — flew — flown; forbid — forbade — forbidden; forget — forgot — forgotten; forgive — forgave — forgiven; freeze — froze — frozen; give — gave — given; go — went — gone; grow — grew — grown; hide — hid — hidden; know — knew — known; lie — lay — lain; ride — rode — ridden; ring — rang — rung; rise — rose — risen; see — saw — seen; shake — shook — shaken; show — showed — shown; sing — sang — sung; sink — sank — sunk; speak — spoke — spoken; steal — stole — stolen; swim — swam — swum; take — took — taken; tear — tore — torn; throw — threw — thrown; wake — woke — woken; wear — wore — worn; write — wrote — written.
Як використовувати форми
- Past Simple (друга форма): I wrote a letter yesterday. — Я написав листа вчора.
- Present Perfect (have/has + третя форма): I have written the letter. — Я (вже) написав листа.
- Пасив (be + третя форма): The letter was written by Tom. — Лист написав Том.